Unit 41. Passive (1) (is done/ was done)
(пассив 1)

Study this example:

We use an active verb to say what the subject does:

My grandfather was a builder. He built this house in 1930.
It's a big company. It employs two hundred people.

We use a passive verb to say what happens to the subject:

This house is quite old. It was built in 1930.
Two hundred people are employed by the company.

When we use the passive, who or what causes the action is often unknown or unimportant:

A lot of money was stolen in the robbery. (somebody stole it but we don't know who)
Is this room cleaned every day? (does somebody clean it? - it's not important who)

If we want to say who does or what causes the action, we use by…:

This house was built by my grandfather.
Two hundred people are employed by the company.

The passive is be (is/was/have been etc.) + the past participle (done/cleaned/seen etc.):
(be) done (be) cleaned (be) seen (be) damaged (be) built etc

For irregular past participles (done/known/seen etc.), see Appendix 1 Appendix 1 Regular and irregular verbs
(правильные и неправильные глаголы)

Study the active and passive forms of the Present Simple and Past Simple:

Present Simple
active: clean(s)/see(s) etc.

passive: am/is/are cleaned/seen etc.

Many accidents are caused by careless driving.
I'm not often invited to parties.
How is this word pronounced?

Past Simple
active: cleaned/saw etc.

passive: was/were cleaned/seen etc.

We were woken up by a loud noise during the night.
«Did you go to the party?» «No, I wasn't invited.»
How much money was stolen?

See Unit 42 Passive (2) (be/ been/ being done)
(страдательный залог 2)

See Unit 43 Passive (3)
(страдательный залог 3)

See Unit 127 By
(использование предлога by)

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Unit 41. Passive (1) (is done/ was done) (пассив 1)

Unit 41. Passive (1) (is done/ was done)
(пассив 1)